ʻO Tetrahydrofuran (THF): ʻO ke kuamoʻo Versatile o nā kaʻina hana kemika kikoʻī
Ka Loiloi Hohonu o nā Waiwai Physicochemical
Hoʻolālā Molekala Kūikawā
Aia ka ʻōnaehana o THF i kahi apo ether cyclic me kahi ʻātoma oxygen, e hana ana i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi penei:
Ka Hoʻololi Polar: ʻO kahi manawa dipole o 2.75 D e hiki ai i ka hoʻopili hydrogen me nā molekala polar ʻoiai e hoʻonā ana i nā hui nonpolar ma o nā pilina dipole i hoʻokomo ʻia, e kūpono ana no nā ʻōnaehana hopena like ʻole.
Ka Hana ʻApo: Ke wehe ʻia nei ke apo ether e ka waikawa, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i nā hopena e like me ka alkylation a me ka polymerization. He mea nui kēia hana no ka hana ʻana i nā polymers e like me ka polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG).
Nā ʻano kino
Ke kūpaʻa wela: Ke hoʻolapalapa nei ma 66°C a me ka hau ʻana ma -108.5°C, noho wai ʻo THF ma kahi pae wela ākea, kūpono no nā hopena haʻahaʻa a me nā kaʻina hana mahu wikiwiki.
Nā ʻAno Hoʻoili: Hoʻonui ka mānoanoa haʻahaʻa (0.55 mPa·s) a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻilikai (26.4 mN/m) i kona hiki ke hoʻomaʻū, he mea nui ia no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka uhi ʻana.
ʻŌlelo Palekana: He mea hiki ke ʻā koke (kiko uila -17.2°C) a hoʻokumu i nā hui pahū me ka ea (1.8–12.4% vol), e koi ana i nā hana pale ahi koʻikoʻi.
Nā Hoʻohana Koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻOihana āpau
Hana ʻana o ka Polymer a me ka Resin
Hana ʻia ʻana o ka Polyurethane (PU):
Hana ʻana o PTMEG: ʻO THF ka mea maka mua no ka hana ʻana i ka polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), kahi ʻāpana palupalu koʻikoʻi i loko o nā olonā spandex a me nā polyurethanes thermoplastic (TPU). Ma luna o 90% o ka THF honua e hoʻohana ʻia ana ma kēia ʻāpana, me kēlā me kēia tona o ka spandex e pono ai ~0.8 tons o THF.
Nā Mea Hoʻopili PU: I hui pū ʻia me DMF, hana ʻo THF i nā mea hoʻopili maloʻo wikiwiki, paʻa kiʻekiʻe no nā kāmaʻa a me nā loko o ke kaʻa, e hāʻawi ana i ka 35% o nā mea paʻa a me ka 40% maloʻo wikiwiki ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana DMF maʻemaʻe.
Nā Resin Epoxy a me Synthetic:
Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe like i nā ʻano epoxy, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo THF i ka miscibility a hoʻemi i ka viscosity, e hiki ai ke hoʻohana pololei i nā noi uhi ʻana i nā mea uila a me ka aerospace.
Kemika Organic a me Specialty
Nā Hana a Grignard:
Hoʻopaʻa ʻo THF i nā mea waena organometallic (e laʻa, RMgX) ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana me nā ion magnesium, e hoʻonui ana i nā hua hopena ma 15-20% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka diethyl ether. Laʻana: I ka synthesis ibuprofen, hoʻokō nā ʻanuʻu Grignard e pili ana iā THF i ka ≥99.5% maʻemaʻe me ≤0.3% byproducts.
Nā Electrolytes o ka Pākahiko Lithium:
Hoʻonui ka THF i ka conductivity o nā electrolytes e pili ana i ka lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) (≥10 mS/cm), e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ke ola pōʻaiapuni i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1,000 mau manawa (paʻa mana ≥85%) i nā pila lithium metal.
Nā kahua ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me nā kahua kūikawā
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Semiconductor: Hoʻopau ʻo THF i nā koena photoresist i ka hana microelectronics, e hoʻokō ana i ka haumia ion metala ≤10 ppb no nā kaʻina hana sub-14 nm.
ʻO ka Crystallization Pharmaceutical: Hoʻohana ʻia i ka recrystallizing antibiotics a me steroids, loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana wai THF nā kristal like (50-200 μm) me ka maʻemaʻe ≥99.9%.
Ka Hoʻokaʻawale Huahana Kūlohelohe: Hoʻoheheʻe koho i nā hui lipophilic (e laʻa, CBD, paclitaxel) me ka maʻemaʻe 25% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe nonpolar, ʻoiai e hoʻemi ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela ma o ka hana ʻana i ka mahana haʻahaʻa.
Nā kikoʻī
| Inoa Huahana | ʻAkika Propionic | |||||||||
| Formula Kemika | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Kaumaha Molekala | 74.08 g/mol | |||||||||
| helehelena | Wai moakāka ʻole kala | |||||||||
| Kiko Heheʻe | -20.8℃ | |||||||||
| Kikowaena paila | 141.1℃ | |||||||||
| Ka nui o ka paʻa | 0.993 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| Helu Kūʻai | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| Kaʻina HS | 29155000 | |||||||||
| ʻAʻohe EINECS | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Noi | Hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā plastics, pharma, meaʻai, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a me nā mea ʻala | |||||||||
Palapala Mana Kūlana
| Inoa Huahana | ʻAkika Propionic | ||||||
| MEA | KA WAIWAI MAʻAMAU（%） | KA WAIWAI HOʻĀʻO（%） | |||||
| Ka nui o ka waikawa Propionic, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Ka nui (20/20 ℃) | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Pae paila/℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Koena mahu, w/% ≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Wai, w/% ≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| ʻAldehyde,w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| ka hoʻomakeʻe maʻalahi, w/% ≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| E like me mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Hopena | E kūlike me nā kūlana o GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Nā Manaʻo Palekana a me nā Hoʻololi ʻOihana
Nā Pōʻino Ola a me ke Kaiapuni
ʻAkika: ʻO ka hanu ʻana i nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe (>500 ppm) hiki ke hoʻoulu i ke kaumaha o ka CNS; hiki i ka hoʻopili lōʻihi ke hoʻopilikia i ka hana o ke akepaʻa/nā puʻupaʻa. Pono ka pale hanu (APF≥10) a me nā mīkina lima pale kemika.
Hopena o ke Kaiapuni: Hiki ke palaho i ka lepo (hapalua ola ≤5 mau lā) akā ʻawahia i ke ola wai (LC50 iʻa = 110 mg/L). Pono e hana ʻia ka wai ʻino ma ka mālama holomua (COD≤50 mg/L) ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.
Nā Pane Hoʻoponopono a me nā ʻenehana
Nā Papa Maʻemaʻe:
ʻOihana (≥99%): No ka hana maʻamau, e ʻae ana i ka ≤0.5% wai/aldehydes.
Uila (≥99.9%): Nā ʻiona metala ≤1 ppb, kūpono i ka SEMI C8 no ka hoʻohana semiconductor.
Lāʻau lapaʻau (≥99.5%): ʻĀpono ʻia e ka FDA, aldehydes ≤10 ppm no ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau.
Hoʻokō Honua:
EU REACH: Palena ʻia i nā mea pili i ka meaʻai (neʻe ʻana ≤0.05 mg/kg).
US OSHA: PEL-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m³), e koi ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka ea o ka wahi hana.
No ke aha e koho ai i kā mākou THF?
Ka Maʻemaʻe Kūpaʻa ʻole: Hoʻopuka nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻekolu holomua i ka THF papa uila ma 99.99% maʻemaʻe, me ka ≤10 ppm makū a me ≤1 ppm aldehydes, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ke kūlike o ka batch-to-batch (ʻokoʻa ≤±0.02%).
Nā Hoʻonā Maʻamau: Nā ʻano hana i hoʻopilikino ʻia no ka nui o ka wai (50–1000 ppm), nā pae peroxide (≤10 ppm), a me ka pH (5.0–7.0), e like me ka low-peroxide THF no nā syntheses lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi.
Nā Logistics i Hoʻokele ʻia e ka Palekana: ʻO ka mālama ʻana i uhi ʻia me ka naikokene a me nā ʻōnaehana halihali pale pahū e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka lawelawe palekana mai ka hana ʻana a hiki i ka lawe ʻana.
Ka Māmā Hoʻoponopono: ʻO ke kūpaʻa honua me nā kūlana SEMI, ACS, a me FDA, i kākoʻo ʻia e MSDS hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia no ke komo ʻana i ka mākeke me ka maʻalahi.
Ka Hui Pū ʻana no ka ʻOi Loa o nā Kemika
ʻO ke kaulike kūikawā o THF o ka solvency, reactivity, a me ke kaʻina hana hoʻololi e hoʻonoho iā ia ma ke ʻano he kihi i ka kemika hou. ʻO kā mākou kūpaʻa i nā huahana maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka hana hou ʻenehana, a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lula e hoʻoikaika i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā plastics, electronics, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻokele i nā holomua me ke kuleana. E koho i kā mākou THF e wehe i ka pololei, ka hana, a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i kēlā me kēia noi.